Abstract Objective: To evaluate in the vitro effectiveness of three chemical agents for toothbrush disinfection. Material and Methods: Sixteen new toothbrushes were evaluated, previously sterilized and classified in five experimental groups (n=3) and one item as control. Three chemical agents were assessed: 0.12% Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX), essential oil mouth rinse (Listerine) and 3.5% Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). The five selected strains were inoculated on toothbrushes and incubated for a 24 hours period and 37°C temperature in aerobic conditions. The incubated toothbrushes were immersed for a 15 min period into selected chemical agents and after drying in a controlled air stream, again re-cultured into enriched broth. A comparison was made between the initial and final microorganisms density recovered after chemical disinfection based on Mc Farland scale. The data obtained was compared by descriptive analysis and ANOVA methodology. Results: 3.5% NaOCl was the most effective chemical agent for toothbrush disinfection followed by CHX; Listerine was not effective to eliminate the inoculated bacteria in toothbrushes. Conclusion: 3.5% NaOCl and 0.12% CHX are the most effective chemical agents for toothbrush disinfection and Listerine was only effective against C. albicans.

This article discusses the political relations which were woven between the flour entrepreneurs of Cartagena and Barranquilla, and the political views of Rafael Reyes and Carlos E. Restrepo between 1904 and 1912. It also examines the tensions that arose between the Caribbean Coast entrepreneurs and those of Bogota, whom, everyone on each side, defended their own business interests, when facing the economic politics of those years. The center of these economical tensions has as an epicenter the production and distribution of flour, in this sense, the debate on this matter, recreates the rivalries that took place since the end of the colonial era and revives the confrontations for markets, politics and the implemented economic model in the country during 1904 and 1914.

Este artículo analiza las relaciones políticas que se tejieron entre la elite empresarial de Cartagena y Barranquilla, y los gobiernos de Rafael Reyes y Carlos E. Restrepo de 1904 a 1914, así como las tensiones que se presentaron entre los empresarios de la costa caribe colombiana y los de Bogotá por la defensa de sus intereses, que cada uno de estos sectores empresariales colocó frente a la política económica durante estos años. El centro de estas tensiones económicas tiene como núcleo la producción y el comercio de harina; en este sentido, el debate que se presenta en torno a este tema reproduce rivalidades que se dieron desde finales del periodo colonial, y revive las confrontaciones por los mercados, la política y el modelo económico que se impone en el país entre 1904 y 1914.